北京外国语大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试题

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北京外国语大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：英汉同声传译科目名称： 英汉互译

（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity; in fact, growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin: when economic activity is high, more production happens overall, and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services. And when economic activity is low, firms cut jobs and unemployment rises. In that sense, unemployment iscountercyclical, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.

But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth. It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more products—that is, to increase their productivity. Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers. As a consequence, unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins. The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn, when firms would rather reduce work hours, or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go. Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged. Because unemployment follows growth with a delay, it is called alagging indicatorof economic activity. (228 words)

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

Centuries ago, while Europe, Africa and the Americas were third-world poor, China was not only the most populated, wealthiest, and most sophisticated country in Asia, but on the planet. “The Travels of Marco Polo,” published in 1295, told astonishing tales of enormous banquet rooms with a thousand seats, walls studded with precious stones, and consumers using paper money to purchase mass-printed books from well-stocked bookstores. In Europe, monks hand-copied books while in China thousands of bestsellers rolled off modern printing presses. China’s iron manufacturing industry produced one hundred twenty-five thousand tons a year—an amount not equaled the West until the twentieth century. Cast iron, the crank handle, deep drilling for natural gas, the belt drive, the fishing reel, chess, matches, brandy, gunpowder, playing cards, the spinning wheel, the umbrella, and countless other inventions—such were the products of China’s inventive genius.

Europeans would eventually borrow Chinese innovations like the plow and experience an agricultural revolution. Similarly, literacy spread as the Europeans exploited paper and printing, both Chinese inventions. The European industrial revolution was built atop Chinese technology.

It seems profoundly difficult for American leaders to acknowledge some sort of cultural equivalency with the Chinese. The only way the Chinese can succeed, such logic goes, is via underhanded, uncivilized methods. President Obama points the finger at the mandarins running the world’s second largest country, accusing them of manipulating U.S.-China trade. Yet the unspoken truth is that China is expert at doing what the president wants Americans to do: “discovering, creating and building the products that are sold all over the world.” Mr. Obama repeats the canard that China’s remarkable economic success is due to sinister currency deflation. But when the Federal Reserve recently announced it would purchase $600 billion dollars of U.S. treasury securities, the German finance minister observed: “What the U.S. accuses China of doing, the U.S.A. is doing by different means . . . it doesn’t add up when the Americans accuse the Chinese of currency manipulation and then, with the help of their central bank’s printing presses, artificially lower the value of the dollar.”

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* canard：a false report or piece of news

三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）

20年来，中国颁布实施了100多项政策法规，建立完善了消耗臭氧层物质生产管理、消费管理、产品质量管理和进出口管理制度，形成了以禁止新建、改建、扩建生产线，实施生产、消费、进出口配额许可证制度为核心的法律、法规和政策体系。2010年6月1日开始施行的《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》，进一步规范了消耗臭氧层物质生产、销售、使用和进出口等行为，强化了对违法行为的处罚力度，为可持续履约提供了强有力的法律保障。（193字）

四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）

1992年大年初六，从东莞打工回老家过年的林崇喜老婆给他生了个宝贝儿子。如全家人所愿，老三终于是男孩，虽然被村委会狠狠罚了5000块钱。家里希望孩子不再像他父母一样是打工仔，也不是一个面朝黄土背朝天的农民，而是要上大学，做一个读书人。

阿公阿婆的身体还好，出生后的德才由他们带着，老两口带着孙儿既不寂寞，又让儿子在外面打工没有后顾之忧。德才的两个姐姐也由阿公阿婆带着，他们就是典型的“留守儿童”。德才出生的时候村里的田地早已在1980年联产承包责任制的时候分完了，因此，德才是一个没有田地的农民。崇喜两口子外出后家里没有了壮劳力，林家的3亩2分地也就租给别人种了，同时，崇喜每半年从东莞寄回来的生活费足够三小两老的日常开支。全家的最大希望是等赚了大钱，把孩子都接到城里。(325字)