2017考研趣味阅读：中国两会将传递哪些重要信号

考研吧来源：中国日报 2016-03-14　

Almost no one eats there any more and it's not making any money: the last remaining noodle bar outside Yunfeng steel plant cannot be long for this world. It seems destined to the same way as other small shops in the same area that have already shut.

运丰炼钢厂外最后一家面馆濒临倒闭：没几个人光顾那里，也赚不到钱。这家面馆似乎无法逃脱该地其它小商铺最终停业的命运。

"The steel plant is running at a loss. Some contracted laborers have been laid off," said the eatery owner. The Yunfeng works in north China's Hebei Province has cut its labor force from from 1,800 in its prime years to about 800.

“钢铁厂现在是亏本营运，有些合同工都被解聘了，”面馆老板说道。运丰炼钢厂位于中国河北省，目前员工已由前些年的1800名裁减至800左右。

Yunfeng's home city of Wu'an, 400 km south of Beijing, once had 18 iron and steel plants. Many have slashed production, to survive the bitter winter of the industry; some have closed their doors for good.

运丰位于武安市，距离其北部的北京400千米，曾经拥有十八座钢铁厂。为了熬过最艰难的时刻，其中许多厂子都削减了生产量，有的甚至直接关门大吉。

Hebei, the country's leading iron and steel producer, is struggling to cut capacity in iron and steel, cement, and glass, planning to cut iron and steel capacity by 18 million tonnes this year.

河北是中国钢铁业的领跑者，而如今却不得不大力削减钢铁、水泥和玻璃的生产量——该省今年计划要将钢铁产量削减1800万吨。

MAGIC BULLET 妙招制胜

Last year, policymakers came up with supply-side structural reform as the latest magic bullet to deal with a number of industrial ills by cutting overcapacity, destocking, deleveraging, reducing costs and identifying growth areas.

去年，为了应对一系列工业弊病，中央决策者提出了供给侧结构性改革方案，去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板。

Supply-side structural reform will be a key word at this year's "two sessions" -- the annual gatherings of the national legislative and political advisory bodies, analysts predict.

分析家预测，供给侧结构性改革将是今年全国两会上的热点——两会是中国立法机构和政治协商机构一年一度的重大会议。

China's growth prospects this year are the subject of global concern.

中国今年的发展前景受到了全球的关注。

"I believe China will realize 6.5 percent or better GDP growth in 2016, a difficult feat, given the unstable global economy," said Shlomo Maital, professor with Technion -- Israel Institute of Technology.

“我认为，2016年中国的国内生产总值(GDP)增速将达6.5%，这在动荡的国际经济背景下是难得的好成绩，”以色列理工学院的什洛莫·迈特尔教授说道。

China saw a record number of startups in 2015, with 4.44 million companies established, up 21.6 percent from 2014.

2015年是中国史上创业高峰年，一共新成立了444万家公司，较之2014年增长了21.6%。

"Today, China too is in a startup boom. China, like Israel, can become a startup nation," said Maital. "Part of the Chinese dream can be a dream about starting your own business."

“中国正在涌起创业创新的热潮。与以色列一样，中国也可以成为创业的国度。”迈特尔说道，“‘中国梦’也包含‘创业梦’。”

According to Maital, to avoid the middle-income trap, China will need to raise its "total factor productivity", which demands innovation, working smart, new ideas and improvements, not more use of resources.

迈特尔认为，中国要避免“中等收入陷阱”，需提升全要素生产率，而这离不开创新、新理念、高效工作和技术进步，而不是过度消耗资源。

SHEEP AND GOATS 合理分配

China plans to take another 70 million people out of poverty in the next five years.

中国计划在接下来的五年实现7000万人脱贫。

Visiting Shenshan, a village in Jiangxi Province, early in February, President Xi Jinping said, "Not a single family living in poverty is to be left behind on our path to ending poverty."

二月初，习总书记在江西省神山村进行考察工作时提出：“在扶贫的路上，不能落下一个贫困家庭，丢下一个贫困群众。”

Villager Zhang Chengde, 63, doubled his income to about 8,000 yuan (1,200 US dollars) last year by raising goats thanks to kids given as part of a poverty reduction campaign.

在政府扶贫政策的帮助下，63岁的神山村贫困户张成德得到了一批小山羊，开始了山羊养殖，去年收入翻倍至8000元(1200美元)。

Zhang's son is 29 years old and remains a bachelor, partly due to poverty. He will not seek a job in cities this year, believing that helping his father expand the size of their herd will be more rewarding.

张成德的儿子今年29岁，尚未成家，一部分也是因贫困所致。他今年不打算进城找工作了，觉得帮父亲扩大养殖规模更有前景。

PATH AND METHODS 途径与方法

According to the proposal on the 13th Five-Year Plan, the quality of free trade zones (FTZ) will be improved and more FTZs set up.

“十三五”规划建议提出，要提高自由贸易试验区建设质量，在更大范围推广复制。

Besides the four in the Shanghai, Tianjin, Fujian and Guangdong, all prosperous, coastal localities, a number of other provinces have unveiled FTZ applications.

目前，除了已设自贸区的上海、天津、广东和福建这四个位于富庶沿海地区的城市，有多个省份也提出建设自贸区申请。

Liaoning Province in the northeast, said in its provincial 13th Five-Year Plan it will seek the approval for an FTZ in its port city of Dalian. The economy in Liaoning, part of the old industrial belt, only expanded 3 percent, the slowest at the provincial level, in 2015.

东北辽宁省的“十三五”规划提出，积极争取国家批准设立大连自贸试验区。由于位于老工业带等原因，辽宁去年的经济增速仅为3%，在31个省区市中最低。

The interaction of the FTZs, the Belt and Road Initiative, the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, among other strategies, will help produce a more balanced development and reshape the opening up policy.

同时，自贸区建设与“一带一路”和京津冀协同发展等战略的融合，也有望助推中国区域协调发展和塑造对外开放新局。

The "two sessions" will show how China perceives its path and the methods it will use to handle the challenges ahead. New governance concepts and strategies will also be widely illustrated across all agendas at the sessions this year.

两会将展示中国处理当前各挑战的途径与方法。此外，新的管理理念和管理策略也将成为今年两会的各大议事日程上广泛讨论的议题。

China's shift from a low-wage manufacturing economy driven by exports and infrastructure investment to a medium-wage economy driven by services and consumption, is mainly driven by the growing middle class, said Maital.

迈特尔认为，中国从以对外出口和基础设施投资为驱动力的低薪制造业经济体，成功转型为以服务和消费为驱动力的中等收入经济体，这主要归功于不断扩大的中等收入群体。

"Global businesses are aware of China's huge and growing market and the new middle class. They are aware that China is one of the few markets in the world that are growing strongly," said the Israeli academic.

这位以色列学者说：“全球商业圈已经认识到中国的市场和中等阶层不容小觑，作为全球为数不多的强劲增长的巨大市场，中国未来的发展将给世界带来更大机遇。”