2017考研趣味阅读：历数各路“素质主义者”

考研吧来源：中国日报 2016-01-16　

Vegan refers to a strict vegetarian who consumes no animal food or dairy products and who also abstains from using animal products (as leather). Many vegans also do not eat foods that are processed using animal products, such as refined white sugar and some wines.

纯素食主义者是指既不吃动物食品或奶制品，也不用动物制品(例如皮革)的严格素食主义者。许多纯素食主义者也不吃通过精炼白糖、部分酒类等动物制品加工而成的食品。

"Flexitarian"(flexible vegetarian) or semi-vegetarian is a term to describe those who eat a mostly vegetarian diet, but occasionally eat meat as a protein supplement.

Flexitarian(弹性素食者)或semi-vegetarian(半素食主义者)是指那些大部分时间吃素食，偶尔为补充蛋白质而摄入一些肉类的素食者。

这类人可能基于健康、道德或信仰，不食用某些肉类，如不食牛、羊、猪等哺乳动物的红肉是最普遍的类型，这些人会食用部分禽类(poultry)和海鲜(seafood)。

An ovo-lacto vegetarian (or lacto-ovo vegetarian) is a vegetarian who does not eat any meat, fish, or poultry, but includes eggs and dairy products.

Ovo-lacto vegetarian或lacto-ovo vegetarian(奶蛋素食主义者)是不任何吃肉、鱼、禽，但吃鸡蛋和奶制品的人。
A pollotarian (aka a pollovegetarian or a pollo-vegetarian) is someone who will not eat the flesh of any red meat mammals, but does include chicken, turkey and other poultry.

白肉(禽肉)素食主义者(亦作pollovegetarian或pollo-vegetarian)指那些不吃任何哺乳类动物的红肉，但食用鸡、火鸡等禽肉的人。

Pescetarian refers to a person who supplements a vegetarian diet with fish.

鱼素主义者是指吃鱼和素食的人。

fruitarian is someone whose diet includes raw fruits, seeds, and nuts but no vegetables, grains, or animal products.

果素主义者指食用水果、种子和坚果，但不吃蔬菜、谷物或动物产品的人。

Climatarian means choosing to eat a diet that has minimal impact on the climate, i.e. one that excludes food transported a long way or meat whose production gives rise to CO2 emissions.

气候素食者(climatarian)指选择一种对气候影响最小的饮食习惯，比如，不吃那些长途运输的食物，不吃那些会增加二氧化碳排放的肉食，等等。

其他类型的素食者还包括自由的素食主义(libral vegetarian)。这类人主要是以素食为主，偶尔会食用肉类。此外，还有苦行式素食主义(ascetic vegetarian)。这类人为坚定心中的信念，以苦行的方式进行素食，不仅戒蛋，牛奶，甚至戒大豆，食盐，甘地为其代表人物。奶素主义者(Lacto vegetarian)食用奶类和其相关产品，如奶酪、奶油或酸奶;而蛋素主义者(Ovo vegetarian)可以接受鸡蛋。

其他泛指吃货的常用说法还有：故意减少饮食中肉的摄入量的“忌肉主义者”(reducetarian);专吃肉、不吃蔬菜的“肉食主义者”(meatatarian);源自春素主义者(vegan)，现在可以用于指代素食主义者的严格素食者(strict vegetarian);认为鱼、家禽、海鲜、动物脂肪、油脂、骨粉和皮肤等也不是肉的“不食肉主义者”(nonmeat-eater)。